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IANA

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is a crucial component of the overall architecture of the internet. It's responsible for the global coordination of the Internet Protocol (IP) addressing systems, as well as the Autonomous System Numbers used for routing internet traffic.

IANA is operated by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN), a non-profit private American corporation.

Here are the three main areas where IANA's operations are crucial:

1. Domain Names Management (DNS): IANA manages the Domain Name System root zone and will coordinate the delegation of Top-Level Domains (like .com, .edu, .org and country-specific domains like .us, .uk, .au). This involves liaising with domain name registries who run these domains, ensuring their system operations are correct, and making updates as necessary.

2. IP Addresses Allocation: IANA coordinates the pool of IP addresses, ensuring they are globally unique where needed. These are handed out to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) in large blocks who then distribute them in smaller chunks to ISPs and other organizations in their designated regions.

3. Protocol Parameters Management: IANA works with the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and other technical bodies to maintain various lists of codes and numbers that are used in technical standards (protocols) which drive the internet. This includes things like DNS parameters, HTTP status codes and many other parameters that internet protocols use.

It's important to note that while IANA is the central coordination function, much of the actual administration and responsibility is distributed. For example, domain names are ultimately managed by a multitude of different registrars and registries, and IP addresses are managed by the RIRs and ISPs.

To function effectively, IANA works closely with various internet governance entities, including ICANN, all five of the regional internet registries (RIRs), and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), among others. These relationships are formalized through Memorandums of Understanding, established processes, and collaborative community governance structures. These ensure that IANA functions continue to support the smooth operation of the global internet.

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List of resources

Lifecycle of an I-D tutorial (s40 is basic flowchart): https://www.ietf.org/slides/slides-edu-document-lifecycle-02.pdf IETF states for I-Ds: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/help/state/draft-stream-ietf/ IESG states: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/help/state/draft-iesg/ Diagram: https://www.ietf.org/lib/dt/11.14.0/ietf/images/iesg-draft-state-diagram.png Resources for creating an I-D: https://authors.ietf.org/ Diagrams: https://authors.ietf.org/en/diagrams Submitting your I-D to the Datatracker: https://datatracker.ietf.org/submit/ Independent Submissions - submission process info: https://www.rfc-editor.org/about/independent/

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Study Groups

In the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Study Groups are the primary working units where ITU member states and other stakeholders come together to develop international standards known as ITU-T Recommendations.

Each of the ITU's three sectors - Radiocommunication (ITU-R), Telecommunication Standardization (ITU-T), and Telecommunication Development (ITU-D) - have their own Study Groups. Each Study Group is focused on a specific set of topics or technologies.

ITU-T Study Groups, for instance, are divided into different Working Parties, and these Working Parties are further subdivided into Questions. Let's look at this structure in some detail:

1. Study Groups (SGs): These focus on specific areas of telecommunication technology. For example, SG 13 focuses on Future Networks, with focus on IMT-2020, cloud computing and trusted network infrastructures.

2. Working Parties (WPs): Each Study Group is divided into several WPs. WPs are subgroups of an SG, focusing on a subset of the SG's area. For example, under SG 13, there are three Working Parties: WP1/13, WP2/13, and WP3/13.

3. Questions: Each WP is further divided into Questions. Each Question focuses on a very specific aspect of the wider topic. For example, Question 5/13 under WP 1/13 looks specifically at "Cloud computing functional requirements and architecture".

This hierarchical structure allows ITU to organize its work effectively and focus on the topics that matter most to its member states and stakeholders. The outputs and agreements produced by the study groups in the form of ITU Recommendations have a profound effect on the development of telecommunications worldwide.

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The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) publishes a vast range of documents categorized under different series, each dedicated to specific subjects in the field of telecommunications or information technology. Below are some key document series published by ITU.

Summary

The following is a summary table of all the ITU document categories.

Details

A Series - ITU Council Documents

The A series comprises documents related to administrative issues and policies, including documents from the ITU Council and other high-level meetings.

B Series - Telegraphy

This series covers the guidelines, standards and technical requirements related to telegraphy.

C Series - Radiocommunications (ITU-R)

The C Series includes decisions, resolutions and other formal results from World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences.

D Series - Tariff and accounting principles including related telecommunication economic and policy issues

The D series concerns tariff and accounting issues, including costing methodologies, economic, and policy-related matters across telecommunication services.

E Series - Overall network operation, telephone service, service operation and human factors

The E series provides recommendations for telephone service, network operation, service operations, and human factors.

F Series - Non-telephone telecommunication services

The F series covers various non-telephone telecommunication services like facsimile, data communication, telegraph services, and teletex services.

G Series - Transmission systems and media, digital systems and networks

The G series focuses on standards for digital networks and transmission systems and media. This includes systems and networks, line transmission of traditional and digital signals, and optical technology for networks.

H Series - Audiovisual and multimedia systems

The H series covers standards for designing and implementing audiovisual and multimedia systems.

I Series - Integrated services digital network

The I series pertains to the integrated services digital network (ISDN) and its related aspects.

J Series - Cable networks and transmission of television, sound programme and other multimedia signals

The J series provides standards for cable networks and transmission of television, sound programs, and other multimedia signals.

K Series - Protection against interference

The K series focuses on protection from interference, which includes protection from environmental factors that can inhibit communication signals.

L Series - Construction, installation and protection of cables and other elements of outside plant

The L series provides guidelines on the construction, installation, and protection of cables and other outside plant elements.

M Series - Telecommunication management, including TMN

The M series offers guidelines for telecommunication management, including the Telecommunication Management Network (TMN).

N Series - Maintenance: international sound program and television transmission circuits

The N series focuses on the maintenance of international sound programming and television transmission circuits.

O Series - Specifications of measuring equipment

The O series offers specifications for measuring equipment used in telecommunications.

P Series - Telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, local line networks

The P series covers various aspects of telephone transmission quality, telephone installations, and local line networks.

Q Series - Switching and signalling

The Q series covers standards related to switching and signaling in telecommunication systems.

R Series - Telegraph transmission

The R series covers standards for telegraph transmission.

S Series - Telegraph services terminal equipment

The S series offers standards for terminal equipment used in telegraph services.

T Series - Terminals for telematic services

The T series provides standards for the terminals used for telematic services.

U Series - Telegraph switching

The U series covers standards related to telegraph switching.

V Series - Data communication over the telephone network

The V series pertains to standards for data communication over the telephone network.

X Series - Data networks and open system communications

The X series provides standards and protocols for data networks and open systems communication.

Y Series - Global Information Infrastructure, Internet protocol aspects and Next-Generation Networks

The Y series covers standards for global information infrastructure, internet protocol aspects, and next-generation networks.

Z Series - Languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems

The Z series provides standards for programming languages and general software aspects for telecommunication systems.

These recommendations and guidelines issued by the ITU play a vital role in the development and smooth functioning of global telecommunications and IT networks.

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